The book which more than any other has misled millions of American teachers and distorted American education is Dewey's How We Think, for it is concerned only with learning by discovery and the sort of thinking that there goes on....In so far, therefore, as I restrict myself to the basic education of youth – youth incompetent to discover anything by itself – I can say that there is no significant operation of thinking apart from such operations as reading and listening, writing and speaking, and there is no art of thinking other than the three liberal arts as arts of language or communication. (Mortimer J Adler, Reforming Education, 154)